Which term describes a process common to plants and algae for producing organic matter using light energy?

• A. Photosynthesis
• B. Decomposer
• C. Detritivore
• D. Chemosynthesis

Answer: (A)

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and algae convert light energy into chemical energy stored in organic matter. In this process, light energy drives reactions that use carbon dioxide and water to build sugars like glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. Chlorophyll in chloroplasts captures light to power the transformation, making photosynthesis the primary way these organisms produce organic material from inorganic inputs. A simple way to remember it is that light energy becomes chemical energy in sugars.

In contrast, a decomposer breaks down already dead organic matter, returning nutrients to the environment rather than creating new organic matter. A detritivore feeds on detritus, ingesting organic particles rather than synthesizing new ones. Chemosynthesis, while it produces organic matter, uses chemical energy (such as from inorganic molecules) rather than light and is typically carried out by certain bacteria in environments like deep-sea vents.