Which phase directly follows metaphase and involves separation of chromatids?

• A. Prophase
• B. Metaphase
• C. Anaphase
• D. Telophase

Answer: (C)

Anaphase is the stage when sister chromatids are pulled apart and move toward opposite poles. This happens right after metaphase, when the chromatids have been lined up at the cell’s equator. The separation is driven by the cleavage of cohesin proteins that hold the sister chromatids together, and by shortening kinetochore microtubules and motor proteins that pull the chromatids toward the poles. As the chromatids separate, non-kinetochore microtubules push the poles farther apart, lengthening the cell. Prophase occurs earlier, with chromosome condensation and spindle formation; telophase happens after anaphase, with chromosomes arriving at the poles and beginning to de-condense.