What term means 'to make' in biology?

• A. Synthesize
• B. Decompose
• C. Respire
• D. Metabolize

Answer: (A)

In biology, making new molecules is described by synthesis. Synthesize means to combine simple building blocks into a more complex substance, which is exactly what “to make” captures in living systems. This is seen in processes like protein synthesis, DNA synthesis, and the biosynthesis of lipids and carbohydrates, all of which build up complex molecules from smaller units. This idea sits on the constructive side of metabolism, contrasting with breaking down substances.

Decompose means to break apart larger molecules into smaller pieces, which is the opposite of making. Respire refers to cellular respiration, the process of extracting energy from nutrients, not the act of creating new molecules. Metabolize is a broad term that covers all metabolic processes, including both synthesis and breakdown, so it’s not as precise for the notion of “to make” as synthesis is.